Three-dimensional Core-collapse Supernova Simulations with 160 Isotopic Species Evolved to Shock Breakout

We present three-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae using the FLASH code that follow progression explosion to stellar surface, starting from neutrino radiation hydrodynamic neutrino-driven phase performed with Chimera code. consider a 9.6 M☉ zero-metallicity progenitor both 2D and 3D models 10 solar-metallicity model, all simulated until shock breakout in while tracking 160 nuclear species. The relative velocity difference between supernova metal-rich Rayleigh–Taylor (R-T) “bullets” determines how ejecta evolves as it propagates through density profile dictates final morphology explosion. find maximum 56Ni velocities ∼1950 ∼1750 km s−1 at models, respectively, due bullets’ ability penetrate He/H shell. When mapping 2D, we development higher-velocity structures is suppressed when model meshes are aligned. faster-growing spherical-bubble structures, opposed slower-growing toroidal structure imposed by axisymmetry, allows for interaction bullets seeds further R-T instabilities interface. see similar effects which achieves ∼2500 breakout.